Condition-dependent transcriptional landscape of Campylobacter jejuni

Campylobacter spp. are ubiquitous in the environment and can infect a plethora of animals, Campylobacter jejuni being the most predominant species infecting humans. One striking characteristic of this pathogen is its supposedly commensal status in avian species as opposed to an infectious agent in other animals. The main route of transmission to the human host is via consumption of undercooked poultry in developed countries, although there are other ways to become exposed such as through contact with infected animals or ingestion of contaminated water. The sequenced reference strain NCTC 11168 revealed many features including a small tightly packed genome with three sigma factors and a limited number of global regulators. Furthermore, C. jejuni lacks many transcriptional factors present in other bacteria for rapid alteration of gene expression. Alternative forms of regulation such as small regulatory RNAs are not well characterised in C. jejuni, but may play a role in fine-tuning expression under different stresses. Studies in the literature have investigated the transcriptome of NCTC 11168 under standard growth or specific stress conditions, but this is the first time the transcriptional landscape of NCTC 11168 was determined under a collection of 22 host-relevant and transmission conditions, using a combination of high-throughput sequencing methodologies: RNAtag-Seq and Cappable-seq. A highly reproducible data set representing the condition-dependent transcriptional landscape of NCTC 11168 was generated and assessed. This extensive data set includes gene expression profiles of individual conditions and the primary transcriptome of all combined conditions. A considerable repertoire of transcriptional start sites (TSS) were identified that corroborate with published data, with a significant number that were novel condition-dependent TSS and mainly internal. Preliminary analysis also revealed a subset of non-coding RNAs with an associated TSS. The behaviour of gene expression profiles was analysed and enriched for KEGG pathways with a focus on the behaviour of the stringent response. The data obtained from this project provides a good resource for the Campylobacter community, and is also a basis for future work to help decipher the regulatory systems of C. jejuni and give clues to how it can successfully act as a foodborne-pathogen

Harnessing IoT Data and Knowledge in Smart Manufacturing

In the modern digitalized era, the use of electronic devices is a necessity in daily life, with most end users requiring high product quality of these devices. During the electronics manufacturing process, environmental control, for monitoring ambient temperature and relative humidity, is one of the critical elements affecting product quality. However, the manufacturing process is complicated and involves numerous sections, such as processing workshops and storage facilities. Each section has its own specific requirements for environmental conditions, which are checked regularly and manually, such that the whole environmental control process becomes time-consuming and inefficient. In addition, the reporting mechanism when conditions are out of specification is done manually at regular intervals, resulting in a certain likelihood of serious quality deviation. There is a substantial need for improving knowledge management under smart manufacturing for full integration of Internet of Things (IoT) data and manufacturing knowledge. In this chapter, an Internet-of-Things Quality Prediction System (IQPS), which is a mission critical system in electronics manufacturing, is proposed in adopting the advanced IoT technologies to develop a real-time environmental monitoring scheme in electronics manufacturing. By deploying IQPS, the total intelligent environmental monitoring is achieved, while product quality is predicted in a systematic manner

An Intelligent Clinical Decision Support System for Assessing the Needs of a Long-Term Care Plan

With the global aging population, providing effective long-term care has been promoted and emphasized for reducing the hospitalizations of the elderly and the care burden to hospitals and governments. Under the scheme of Long-term Care Project 2.0 (LTCP 2.0), initiated in Taiwan, two types of long-term care services, i.e., institutional care and home care, are provided for the elderly with chronic diseases and disabilities, according to their personality, living environment and health situation. Due to the increasing emphasis on the quality of life in recent years, the elderly expect long-term care service providers (LCSP) to provide the best quality of care (QoC). Such healthcare must be safe, effective, timely, efficiently, diversified and up-to-date. Instead of supporting basic activities in daily living, LCSPs have changed their goals to formulate elderly-centered care plans in an accurate, time-efficient and cost-effective manner. In order to ensure the quality of the care services, an intelligent clinical decision support system (ICDSS) is proposed for care managers to improve their efficiency and effectiveness in assessing the long-term care needs of the elderly. In the ICDSS, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are adopted to distinguish and formulate personalized long-term care plans by retrieving relevant knowledge from past similar records

Blockchain-driven IoT for food traceability with an integrated consensus mechanism

Food traceability has been one of the emerging blockchain applications in recent years, for improving the areas of anti-counterfeiting and quality assurance. Existing food traceability systems do not guarantee a high level of system reliability, scalability, and information accuracy. Moreover, the traceability process is time-consuming and complicated in modern supply chain networks. To alleviate these concerns, blockchain technology is promising to create a new ontology for supply chain traceability. However, most consensus mechanisms and data flow in blockchain are developed for cryptocurrency, not for supply chain traceability; hence, simply applying blockchain technology to food traceability is impractical. In this paper, a blockchain-IoT-based food traceability system (BIFTS) is proposed to integrate the novel deployment of blockchain, IoT technology, and fuzzy logic into a total traceability shelf life management system for managing perishable food. To address the needs for food traceability, lightweight and vaporized characteristics are deployed in the blockchain, while an integrated consensus mechanism that considers shipment transit time, stakeholder assessment, and shipment volume is developed. The data flow of blockchain is then aligned to the deployment of IoT technologies according to the level of traceable resource units. Subsequently, the decision support can be established in the food supply chain by using reliable and accurate data for shelf life adjustment, and by using fuzzy logic for quality decay evaluation

The use of tibial Less Invasive Stabilization System (LISS) plate [AO-ASIF] for the treatment of paediatric supracondylar fracture of femur: a case report

Paediatric supracondylar fractures of the femur are not common. The treatment options depend on the age of child, the site of the fracture, the pattern of injury and the surgeon's preference. We report a case of an 11-year old boy who sustained a comminuted displaced supracondylar fracture of the femur and was treated with indirect reduction and internal fixation with the Less Invasive Stabilization System (LISS) tibial plate

The protection of Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong : an analysis of civic engagement strategies

published_or_final_versionPolitics and Public AdministrationMasterMaster of Public Administratio

A mixed-methods study on toilet hygiene practices among Chinese in Hong Kong.

BACKGROUND: Public toilets are a common transmission vector of infectious diseases due to environmental contamination. Research on Chinese people's hygiene practices in public lavatories are lacking. This study examined Chinese people's hygiene practices in public lavatories in Hong Kong. METHODS: We conducted qualitative interviews and a self-administered questionnaire survey with local residents from June 2016 to April 2018. Four focus group discussions and three individual interviews informed the design of the questionnaire. We recruited interviewees and survey respondents via social service centers. The interviews and questionnaire focused on the public's daily practices and hygiene behaviors in public toilets. Content analysis of qualitative data was conducted. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the association between age and toilet hygiene behaviors. RESULTS: Our qualitative component revealed a range of handwashing practices, from not washing at all, washing without soap, to washing for a longer time than instructions. Other toilet use practices were identified, such as not covering toilet lid before flushing and stepping on toilet seats due to dirtiness, and spitting into toilet bowls or hand basin. Totally, 300 respondents completed the questionnaire. Among them, 212 (70.9%) were female and 246 (86.1%) were aged 65 or below. More than two thirds always washed hands with soap (68.7%) and dried hands with paper towels (68.4%). Up to 16.2% reported stepping on toilet seats and 43.9% never covered the toilet lid before flushing. Over one fourth (26.4%) spit into squat toilets/ toilet bowl. Regression analyses showed that the elderly group were less likely to report stepping on toilet seats (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 0.17, 95%CI 0.03-0.88), flushing with the toilet lid closed (AOR = 0.40, 0.16-0.96), but more likely to spit into squat toilets/ toilet bowl (AOR = 4.20, 1.50-11.74). CONCLUSIONS: Hong Kong Chinese's compliance to hygiene practices in public toilets is suboptimal. Stepping on toilet seat is a unique Chinese practice due to the dirtiness of toilet seats. Spitting practices may increase the risk of airborne infectious diseases and need improvement. Measures are needed to improve toilet hygiene behaviors, including public education campaigns and keeping toilet environment clean

Overexpression of proto-oncogene FBI-1 activates membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase in association with adverse outcome in ovarian cancers

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>FBI-1 (factor that binds to the inducer of short transcripts of human immunodeficiency virus-1) is a member of the POK (POZ and Kruppel) family of transcription factors and play important roles in cellular differentiation and oncogenesis. Recent evidence suggests that FBI-1 is expressed at high levels in a subset of human lymphomas and some epithelial solid tumors. However, the function of FBI-1 in human ovarian cancers remains elusive.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, we investigated the role of FBI-1 in human ovarian cancers, in particularly, its function in cancer cell invasion via modulating membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). Significantly higher FBI-1 protein and mRNA expression levels were demonstrated in ovarian cancers samples and cell lines compared with borderline tumors and benign cystadenomas. Increased FBI-1 mRNA expression was correlated significantly with gene amplification (P = 0.037). Moreover, higher FBI-1 expression was found in metastatic foci (P = 0.036) and malignant ascites (P = 0.021), and was significantly associated with advanced stage (P = 0.012), shorter overall survival (P = 0.032) and disease-free survival (P = 0.016). <it>In vitro</it>, overexpressed FBI-1 significantly enhanced cell migration and invasion both in OVCA 420 and SKOV-3 ovarian carcinoma cells, irrespective of <it>p53 </it>status, accompanied with elevated expression of MT1-MMP, but not MMP-2 or TIMP-2. Moreover, knockdown of MT1-MMP abolished FBI-1-mediated cell migration and invasion. Conversely, stable knockdown of FBI-1 remarkably reduced the motility of these cells with decreased expression of MT1-MMP. Promoter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation study indicated that FBI-1 could directly interact with the promoter spanning ~600bp of the 5'-flanking sequence of MT1-MMP and enhanced its expression in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, stable knockdown and ectopic expression of FBI-1 decreased and increased cell proliferation respectively in OVCA 420, but not in the p53 null SKOV-3 cells.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results suggested an important role of FBI-1 in ovarian cancer cell proliferation, cell mobility, and invasiveness, and that FBI-1 can be a potential target of chemotherapy.</p